SCENE UNDERSTANDING USING BACK PROPAGATION BY NEURAL NETWORK

In this paper, we proposed an efficient method to address the problem of scene understanding that is based on neural network (NN) and image segmentation. We utilized a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to train the network and features are extracted using pixels in the RGB color space. In this work, object samples in images with varying lighting conditions are used to obtain a wide object color distribution. The training data is generated from positive and negative training patterns in the color planes. Subsequently, training set is fed to an MLP, trained by the back propagation algorithm using these object samples. We apply the above mentioned NN-based object classifier to the test image which is applied to image segmentation and corresponding to the pixel level of the object in test image particular object is determined

Histopathological evaluation of endometrium and its clinical correlation in patients of abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a very common, challenging gynaecological problem in all age group women. Neoplastic lesions are responsible for very less number of cases but they should be diagnosed early. Endometrial biopsy is necessary for histopathological diagnosis of endometrial lesions and to rule out any malignancy. In present study, we evaluated histopathological pattern of endometrium and different clinical parameters in AUB patients.Methods: A retrospective observational study done in Obstetrics and Gynecology department of SSMC Rewa, Madhya Pradesh in 2 year from 1st October 2017 to 30th September 2019. AUB patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in study. All data were collected from department records in predesigned proforma and statistically analyzed by statistical package for the Social sciences (SPSS) version 20.Results: Total 366 AUB patients were included in study; most frequent clinical presentation was HMB (56%). Mostly patient’s age ranged from 24-84 years, belonged to 41-50 years age group (44%), multiparous (78%), and premenopausal (53%). On histopathological evaluation of endometrium most commonly nonneoplastic lesions (75%) were seen, out of which proliferative phase endometrium was most frequent. Neoplastic lesions were seen in 25% cases. Out of which benign lesions were noted in 7%, premalignant in 17.3% and malignant in 1% (all in >45 year patients).Conclusions: Endometrial biopsy should be done in all AUB patients >45 years and in selected premenopausal in order to get early diagnosis, to rule out malignancy and to help in management. Endometrial biopsy should be considered as first diagnostic modality

A comparative study to evaluate diagnostic accuracy and correlation between saline infusion sonography, hysterosalpingography and diagnostic hysterolaparoscopy in infertility

Background: Till date hysterosalpingography (HSG) remains the first-line method to detect tubal patency and to find out any uterine abnormalities in infertile female while diagnostic hysterolaparoscopy (DHL)  is considered to be the gold standard method, it is during last decades only that saline infusion sonography (SIS)/ sonohysterography (SHG) has emerged as an efficacious method of checking tubal patency and uterine anatomy as well. The present study aims to compare all three methods viz- SIS, HSG and DHL and to evaluate the correlation between these methods.Methods: 98 infertile females of age group 18-35 years with normal Hormonal profile without any male factor infertility, were prospectively selected from the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology, GMH Rewa, Madhya Pradesh over one year from 1st August 2016 to 31st July 2017.Results: Diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of SIS was found to be more than HSG for both tubal patency and uterine abnormalities detection. SIS has less numbers of false positive and false negative rates as compared to HSG. DHL was found to be much superior to both SIS and HSG, also detected additional findings in multiple sites like pelvis, tubes and the uterus on the same setting which were missed on SIS and HSG.Conclusions: SIS may replace HSG as a first step screening method for tubal patency detection, as it has more diagnostic accuracy than HSG and better correlation with DHL and has many advantages and minimal disadvantages as compared to HSG

A retrospective analysis of maternal deaths over a period of five years at a tertiary care hospital of central India

Background: Maternal mortality is one of the important indicators used for the measurement of maternal health. The present study was conducted to analyse the maternal deaths over a period of five years in a tertiary care centre, GMH Rewa, Madhya Pradesh.Methods: A retrospective observational   study was conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shyam Shah Medical College and associated Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa. The case records of all maternal deaths between January 3013 to December 2017 were collected from hospital medical records and studied. Data were analyzed statistically.Results: There were 214 maternal deaths from January 3013 to December 2017.The average maternal mortality ratio over a period of five years was 471.5 per one lac live births. Majority of maternal deaths were from toxaemia 33.2%, haemorrhage 26.2%, anaemia 16.3% and sepsis 12.6%.Conclusions: The present study highlights the importance of early antenatal registration of all pregnancies and regular follow up of cases by trained staff. Active management of high-risk groups by frequent antenatal visits, fluid and component transfusions, aggressive management of infection and closer monitoring of women in labor. Higher fertility and unwanted pregnancies should be reduced through family welfare services and easy availability of Medical termination of pregnancy services to be ensured. Analysis of every maternal death through maternal death audit should be carried out.

The Isoperimetric Problem in Randers Poincar\'e Disc

It is known that a simply connected Riemann surface satisfies the isoperimetric equality if and only if it has constant Gaussian curvature. In this article, we show that Randers Poincar\'e disc satisfies the isoperimetric equality with respect to different volume forms. These metrics do not necessarily have constant (negative) flag curvature. Thus we show that the Osserman's result \cite{RO} in the Riemannian case can not be extended to the corresponding Finslerian case.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2204.0076

Deep Semantic Model Fusion for Ancient Agricultural Terrace Detection

Discovering ancient agricultural terraces in desert regions is important for the monitoring of long-term climate changes on the Earth's surface. However, traditional ground surveys are both costly and limited in scale. With the increasing accessibility of aerial and satellite data, machine learning techniques bear large potential for the automatic detection and recognition of archaeological landscapes. In this paper, we propose a deep semantic model fusion method for ancient agricultural terrace detection. The input data includes aerial images and LiDAR generated terrain features in the Negev desert. Two deep semantic segmentation models, namely DeepLabv3+ and UNet, with EfficientNet backbone, are trained and fused to provide segmentation maps of ancient terraces and walls. The proposed method won the first prize in the International AI Archaeology Challenge. Codes are available at https://github.com/wangyi111/international-archaeology-ai-challenge

Comparative Proteomics of Inner Membrane Fraction from Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with a Reference Strain

Acinetobacter baumannii has been identified by the Infectious Diseases Society of America as one of the six pathogens that cause majority of hospital infections. Increased resistance of A. baumannii even to the latest generation of β-lactams like carbapenem is an immediate threat to mankind. As inner-membrane fraction plays a significant role in survival of A. baumannii, we investigated the inner-membrane fraction proteome of carbapenem-resistant strain of A. baumannii using Differential In-Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) followed by DeCyder, Progenesis and LC-MS/MS analysis. We identified 19 over-expressed and 4 down-regulated proteins (fold change>2, p<0.05) in resistant strain as compared to reference strain. Some of the upregulated proteins in resistant strain and their association with carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii are: i) β-lactamases, AmpC and OXA-51: cleave and inactivate carbapenem ii) metabolic enzymes, ATP synthase, malate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase: help in increased energy production for the survival and iii) elongation factor Tu and ribosomal proteins: help in the overall protein production. Further, entry of carbapenem perhaps is limited by controlled production of OmpW and low levels of surface antigen help to evade host defence mechanism in developing resistance in A. baumannii. Present results support a model for the importance of proteins of inner-membrane fraction and their synergistic effect in the mediation of resistance of A. baumannii to carbapenem

Horizontally scalable probabilistic generalized suffix tree (PGST) based route prediction using map data and GPS traces

Abstract Route prediction is an essential requirement for many intelligent transport systems (ITS) services like VANETS, traffic congestion estimation, resource prediction in grid computing etc. This work focuses on building an end-to-end horizontally scalable route prediction application based on statistical modeling of user travel data. Probabilistic suffix tree (PST) is one of widely used sequence indexing technique which serves a model for prediction. The probabilistic generalized suffix tree (PGST) is a variant of PST and is essentially a suffix tree built from a huge number of smaller sequences. We construct generalized suffix tree model from a large number of trips completed by the users. User trip raw GPS traces is mapped to the digitized road network by parallelizing map matching technique leveraging map reduce framework. PGST construction from the huge volume of data by processing sequentially is a bottleneck in the practical realization. Most of the existing works focused on time-space tradeoffs on a single machine. Proposed technique solves this problem by a two-step process which is intuitive to execute in the map-reduce framework. In the first step, computes all the suffixes along with their frequency of occurrences and in the second step, builds probabilistic generalized suffix tree. The probabilistic aspect of the tree is also taken care so that it can be used as a model for prediction application. Dataset used are road network spatial data and GPS traces of users. Experiments carried out on real datasets available in public domain